steel and aluminum notes pdf

Period #7 Notes: Aluminum as a Structural Material A. A QUICK LOOK AT ALUMINUM 1. Overview The amount of aluminum produced annually worldwide is second only to that of steel. While aluminum is widely used in airframe structures and increasingly being used in automotive frames to decrease weight and improve fuel efficiency, it is not widely used

Aluminum is often selected for its electrical conductivity, which is nearly twice that of copper on an equivalent weight basis. The requirements of high conductivity and mechanical strength can be met by use of long-line, high-voltage, aluminum steel-cored reinforced transmis-sion cable. The thermal conductivity of aluminum alloys, about 50 to 60%

• 1/12 of the earth’s crust is composed of aluminum ore (found in bauxite), twice that of iron ore. • Aluminum is not found in its natural state. • Nonmagnetic, nonlustrous, white soft metal with a specific gravity of 2.70 (compared with steel at 7.87). • Aluminum is second to steel in commercial production.

Steel versus aluminum… Mild steel (33,000psi) & Al. 5052 H32 (33,000psi) Low spring back Al. 2024 T3 (50,000psi) High spring back Strength (σ y) versus Stiffness (E) Mild steel (30E6psi) Low spring back Al. 2024 T3 & 5052 H32 (10.6E6psi) High spring back €

aluminum. Developed in Japan during the 1970s, Gap-type ZT-aluminum conductor steel reinforced (GZTACSR) uses heat-resistant aluminum over a steel core. It has been used in Japan, Saudi Arabia, and Malaysia, and is being extensively implemented by National Grid in the UK. The principle of the Gap-type conductor is that it can be tensioned on

Low carbon steel or mild steel- 0.15 to 0.46% C Medium carbon steel- 0.45 to 0.8% C. High carbon steel- 0.8 to 1.5% C Detailed properties of these steels may be found in any standard handbook but in general higher carbon percentage indicates higher strength. (b) Alloy steel- these are steels in which elements other than carbon are

5- Type of steel (chromium). 0- Percent of alloy (less than l-percent chromium). 100- Carbon content (1-percent carbon). AA Code A system similar to the SAE classifications for steel and alloys has been developed by the Aluminum Association (AA) for wrought aluminum and aluminum alloys. This identification system of aluminum, as shown in Figure

3. structural steel codes: a. specification for structural steel buildings, march 9,2005 (aisc 360-05). b. code of standard practice for steel buildings and bridges, adopted effective march 18, 2005 (aisc 303-05). 5. open web steel joists: a. standard specification for open web steel joists, k-series (k-1.1-05).

G (Steel) ≈ 12 x 106 psi G (Aluminum) ≈ 4 x 106 psi Percent Elongation - The strain at fracture in tension, expressed as a percentage = ((final gage length – initial gage length)/ initial gage length) x 100. Percent elongation is a measure of ductility. Percent Reduction in Area - The reduction in cross-sectional area of a tensile